Everything about The Cravat totally explained
The
cravat is a neckband, the forerunner of the modern, tailored
necktie. From the end of the
16th century, the term "band" applied to any long-strip neckcloth that wasn't a "
ruff. The ruff, a starched, pleated white
linen strip, started its fashion career earlier in the 16th century as a neckcloth (readily changeable, to minimize the soiling of a
doublet), as a bib, or as a
napkin. A "band" could indicate either a plain, attached shirt
collar or a detachable "falling band" that draped over the doublet collar.
History
The modern cravat originated in the
1630s; like most men's fashions between the
17th century and
World War I, it was of military origin. In the reign of France's
Louis XIII,
Croatian
mercenaries were enlisted into a regiment supporting the King and
Cardinal Richelieu against the Duc de Guise and the Queen Mother,
Marie de Medici. The traditional Croat military kit aroused Parisian curiosity about the unusual, picturesque scarves distinctively knotted at the Croats' necks; the cloths that were used, ranged from the coarse cloths of enlisted soldiers, to the fine linens and silks of the officers. The sartorial word "cravat" derives from the French
"cravate," a corrupt French pronunciation of "Croat" — in
Croatian,
"Hrvat".
Considering the interdependence of many European regions (particularly the French) with the Venetian Empire, which occupied most of Croatia's coast, and the word's uncertain philologic origin, the new male neckdress was known as a
cravate. The French readily switched from old-fashioned starched linen ruffs to the new loose linen and muslin
cravates; the military styles often had broad, laced edges, while a gentleman's cravat could be of fine lace. As an extreme example of the style, the sculptor
Grinling Gibbons carved a realistic cravat in white limewood which is now on display at the
Victoria and Albert Museum.
On returning to England from exile in
1660,
Charles II imported with him the latest new word in fashion: "A cravatte is another kind of adornment for the neck being nothing else but a long towel put about the Collar, and so tyed before with a Bow Knott; this is the original of all such Wearings; but now by the Art and Inventions of the seamsters, there's so many new ways of making them, that it would be a task to name, much more to describe them". (
Randle Holme,
Academy of Armory and Blazon,
1688.)
During the wars of
Louis XIV of
1689–
1697, except for court, the flowing cravat was replaced with the more current and equally military "Steinkirk", named after the
Battle of Steenkerque in
1692. The Steinkirk was a long, narrow, plain or lightly trimmed neckcloth worn with military dress, wrapped once about the neck in a loose knot, with the lace of fringed ends twisted together and tucked out of the way into a button-hole, either of the coat or the waistcoat. The steinkirk was popular with men and women until the
1720s.
The
maccaronis reintroduced the flowing cravat in the
1770s, and the manner of a man's knotting it became indicative of his taste and style, to the extent that after the Battle of Waterloo (1815) the cravat, itself, was referred to as a "
tie".
Further Information
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